07 Aug The Dachshund Dog Breed: A Guide to the Long and Short of It

The Dachshund, often affectionately called the “wiener dog” or “sausage dog,” is a breed that stands out for its distinctive appearance and vibrant personality. With its long body and short legs, the Dachshund has a unique, instantly recognisable silhouette. This guide will explore this charming breed’s history, characteristics, and Dachshund Dog Breed care requirements. So stay tuned!

The History and Origin of the Dachshund Dog Breed

The name “Dachshund” is derived from the German words “Dachs,” meaning badger, and “Hund,” meaning dog. This reflects the breed’s original purpose: to hunt and exterminate badgers. The first references to the breed date back to the 15th century, although it is believed that their ancestors might have been around even earlier.

In the 17th century, German foresters and hunters began selectively breeding dogs with the physical and temperamental traits ideal for badger hunting. The result was the Dachshund, a dog with a long, narrow body that could quickly enter badger burrows and strong, paddle-shaped paws for digging. Their fearless and determined nature made them excellent hunters of badgers, foxes, rabbits, and other burrow-dwelling animals.

As the breed evolved, different sizes and coat types were developed to adapt to various hunting conditions. The standard Dachshund, weighing between 16 and 32 pounds, was primarily used for hunting badgers and other larger prey. The miniature Dachshund, weighing up to 11 pounds, was developed to hunt more minor game such as rabbits.

The breed also developed three distinct coat types: smooth, long-haired, and wire-haired. Each coat type was suited to different environments and hunting needs. Smooth-coated Dachshunds were more common and easier to maintain, while long-haired Dachshunds were bred for colder climates. Wire-haired Dachshunds were developed later to provide extra protection in rough terrain.

Physical Characteristics of the Dachshund Dog Breed

1. Size and Weight

Dachshunds come in two main sizes: standard and miniature.

• Standard Dachshund: These dogs typically weigh between 16 and 32 pounds and stand about 8 to 9 inches tall at the shoulder.
• Miniature Dachshund: Miniatures are more minor, weighing up to 11 pounds and around 5 to 6 inches tall at the shoulder.

There is also an unofficial third category, the “tweenie,” which falls between the standard and miniature sizes, usually weighing between 11 and 16 pounds.

2. Coat Types

Dachshunds have three distinct coat types, each with its own characteristics and grooming needs.

• Smooth-Coated Dachshund: This breed has a short, shiny, sleek coat. It requires minimal grooming, with regular brushing to remove loose hairs.
• Long-Haired Dachshund: Soft, flowing coat that is longer on the ears, neck, chest, and underbelly. Requires regular brushing to prevent tangles and mats, especially in the more extended areas.
• Wire-Haired Dachshund: Coarse, dense coat with a beard and bushy eyebrows. It needs regular brushing and occasional trimming to maintain its characteristic look.

3. Colours and Patterns

Dachshunds come in various colours and patterns, adding to their appeal. Common colours include:

• Single Colors: Red and cream.
• Bicolor: Black and tan, chocolate and tan, blue and tan, and isabella (fawn) and tan.

They can also exhibit different patterns, such as:

• Dapple (Merle): A mottled pattern with lighter and darker patches.
• Brindle: Dark stripes over a lighter base coat.
• Piebald: Large patches of two colours, usually white and another colour.

4. Distinctive Features

Several distinctive features define the Dachshund’s unique appearance:

• Body: Long and muscular with a strong chest and short, sturdy legs. This body structure allows them to enter caves and navigate through tight spaces.
• Head: Long and tapering with a slightly arched skull. They have a well-defined stop and a powerful jaw.
• Eyes: They are medium-sized, almond-shaped, and expressive. Depending on the coat colour, eye colours can range from dark brown to light haze.
• Ears: Long, floppy, and set near the top of the head, hanging close to the cheeks.
• Tail: Carried in line with the back, gradually tapering to a point.

5. Gait

The Dachshund’s gait is smooth and fluid, characterised by a good reach in the front legs and a powerful drive from the hind legs. Despite their short legs, Dachshunds are surprisingly agile and quick, capable of covering ground efficiently.

Temperament and Personality

• Lively and Playful: Dachshunds are energetic and love to play. They enjoy interactive games, especially those that involve chasing and digging, which harken back to their hunting roots.
• Curious and Inquisitive: This breed is naturally curious and loves to explore its surroundings. It has a strong sense of smell and will often follow its nose to discover new scents.
• Independent and Stubborn: Dachshunds are known for their independent streak. They can be pretty stubborn, which sometimes makes training a bit challenging. However, their intelligence also means they can learn quickly when appropriately motivated.
• Compatibility with Families and Other Pets: Dachshunds are generally good family dogs, forming strong bonds with their human companions. They are loyal and affectionate, often becoming very attached to their owners. However, their interaction with children and other pets can vary based on individual temperament and socialisation.
• Intelligence and Trainability: Dachshunds are intelligent dogs with sharp minds. This intelligence, combined with their independent nature, requires a patient and consistent approach to training.
• Socialisation Socialisation is essential for dachshunds to ensure they become well-rounded dogs. Early exposure to various people, places, sounds, and experiences helps them become more adaptable and confident.

Grooming Needs of Dachshund Dog Breed

Smooth-Coated Dachshund

Smooth-coated Dachshunds have short, shiny, and sleek fur that lies close to their bodies. This coat type is relatively low-maintenance but requires regular care to keep it healthy.

• Brushing: Smooth-coated Dachshunds benefit from a weekly brushing session to remove loose hair and distribute skin oils. A soft-bristle brush or grooming mitt works well for this purpose.
• Bathing: They don’t need frequent baths; once every three months or when they get filthy should suffice. Use a gentle dog shampoo to avoid drying out their skin.
• Shedding: Smooth-coated Dachshunds are moderate shedders. Regular brushing can help minimise loose hair around the house.

Long-Haired Dachshund

Long-haired Dachshunds have a soft, flowing coat that is longer on the ears, neck, chest, and underbelly. This coat type requires more frequent grooming to prevent tangles and mats.

• Brushing: Long-haired Dachshunds need daily brushing to keep their coat free of tangles and mats. A slicker or pin brush is ideal for maintaining their long fur.
• Bathing: Bathing every four to six weeks is usually sufficient. Be sure to use a conditioner and a gentle shampoo to keep their coat soft and manageable.
• Drying: After a bath, it’s essential to dry their coat thoroughly to prevent mats. A blow dryer set on low can be used, but ensure it doesn’t get too hot.
• Shedding: Long-haired Dachshunds shed year-round, with more significant shedding during seasonal changes. Regular brushing helps manage the shedding.

Wire-Haired Dachshund

Wire-haired Dachshunds have a dense, coarse coat, distinctive beard, and bushy eyebrows. This coat type needs regular maintenance to keep it looking neat.

• Brushing: Wire-haired Dachshunds should be brushed several times a week using a slicker or bristle brush to remove loose hair and prevent tangles.
• Hand-Stripping involves plucking dead hair from the coat or using a stripping tool. It’s recommended to hand-strip their coat every three to six months to maintain the coat’s texture and health. This task is often best performed by a professional groomer.
• Bathing: Wire-haired Dachshunds can be bathed every three to four months. As with the other coat types, use a gentle dog shampoo.
• Shedding: Wire-haired Dachshunds are low shedders; regular brushing and hand-stripping can help manage loose hair.

Common Health Issues

• Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD): One of Dachshunds’ most significant health concerns is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). This condition affects the spinal discs, leading to pain, mobility issues, and, in severe cases, paralysis.
• Obesity: Due to their long bodies and short legs, Dachshunds are prone to obesity, which can exacerbate other health problems like IVDD.
• Dental Issues: Dachshunds are susceptible to dental problems, including periodontal disease, tooth decay, and gum infections.
• Patellar Luxation: Patellar luxation is when the kneecap dislocates or moves out of its normal position, causing pain and lameness.
• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): PRA is a group of genetic diseases that cause the retina to deteriorate over time, leading to vision loss and blindness.
• Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slower metabolism.
• Allergies: Dachshunds can suffer from allergies, which environmental factors, food, or contact with certain substances may cause.
• Heart Disease: Dachshunds can be prone to certain heart conditions, such as mitral valve disease, which affects the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently.

The Last Word

The Dachshund is a delightful breed with a rich history and a charming personality. Whether you’re drawn to their distinctive appearance or lively nature, a Dachshund can make an excellent companion for the right owner. With proper care, training, and love, these unique dogs can bring joy and affection to any household.