24 Aug The Great Dane Dog Breed: A Gentle Giant with a Big and Kind Heart

The Great Dane is often called the “Apollo of Dogs” due to its majestic stature and elegant appearance. Known for their gentle nature and towering height, Great Danes have been beloved by dog enthusiasts for centuries. But what is it that makes this breed so unique? In this article, we’ll delve into everything you need to know about the Great Dane, from their physical characteristics to their care needs, ensuring that you’re fully informed before bringing one into your home. Let’s explore the world of the Great Dane Dog Breed together!

The History and Origin of the Great Dane Dog Breed

The Great Dane’s ancestors can be traced back over 4,000 years to ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Large, mastiff-like dogs have been depicted in ancient art and artefacts, suggesting that the Great Dane’s lineage may have begun with these powerful dogs used for hunting and protection. These early dogs were likely the progenitors of several modern breeds, including the Great Dane.

The breed as we know it today began to take shape in Europe during the Middle Ages, particularly in Germany. German nobility sought a dog to hunt wild boar, a dangerous and formidable prey, and protect their estates from intruders. They crossed English Mastiffs with Irish Wolfhounds and other large breeds to achieve this, resulting in a powerful and agile dog.

The resulting breed was initially known as the “Boar Hound” due to its primary use in hunting. These dogs were renowned for their strength, endurance, and bravery in the face of fierce boars. Over time, selective breeding focused on refining their size, speed, and temperament, developing the breed’s distinctive features.

By the 19th century, the Great Dane was becoming a popular breed among European nobility, not just for hunting but also as a status symbol. The breed’s imposing size and elegant appearance made it a favourite in royal courts. During this period, efforts to standardize the breed began, with German breeders focusing on refining the Great Dane’s physical traits and temperament.

In 1880, Germany officially recognized the breed as the “Deutsche Dogge” (German Mastiff) and established the first breed standard. The Deutsche Doggen Club of Germany was founded to promote the breed and ensure its health and vitality. This was a significant step in shaping the modern Great Dane, emphasizing a balance between power and grace.

• The Name “Great Dane”

Interestingly, the name “Great Dane” is a bit of a misnomer. Despite the breed’s strong association with Germany, the name comes from Denmark. In the 1700s, a French naturalist named Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon encountered the breed in Denmark and referred to it as “Grand Danois,” or “Great Danish.” The name stuck despite the breed’s German origins, particularly in English-speaking countries.

Physical Characteristics of the Great Dane Dog Breed

• Size and Height

One of the most striking features of the Great Dane is its size. This breed is known as one of the tallest dog breeds in the world. Male Great Danes typically stand between 76 to 86 centimetres (30 to 34 inches) at the shoulder, while females usually measure around 71 to 81 centimetres (28 to 32 inches). Their height alone gives them an imposing presence, and when they stand on their hind legs, they can easily reach over 2 metres (6 feet).

• Weight

In addition to their height, Great Danes are also very heavy dogs. Males generally weigh between 54 to 90 kilograms (120 to 200 pounds), while females weigh slightly less, typically between 45 to 68 kilograms (100 to 150 pounds). Despite their size, they are surprisingly graceful and agile.

• Body Structure

The Great Dane’s body is muscular and well-proportioned, giving it an elegant and powerful appearance. It has a deep chest, long legs, and a straight, strong back. Although its overall physique is one of strength, it carries a certain elegance that belies its size.

• Head and Expression

The head of a Great Dane is large and rectangular, with a well-defined stop (the area where the forehead meets the muzzle). They have a strong, square jaw and a broad, deep muzzle. The breed’s expression is often described as noble and dignified, with a calm and intelligent look in their eyes. Their ears can be either cropped to stand erect or left natural to fold over.

• Coat and Colour

Great Danes have a short, sleek coat that lies close to the body. Their coat is relatively easy to care for and requires minimal grooming. The breed comes in a variety of colours, including:

1. Fawn: A golden yellow with a black mask.
2. Brindle: Fawn and black stripes in a tiger-stripe pattern.
3. Blue: A solid steel blue colour.
4. Black: A pure, glossy black.
5. Harlequin: White with irregular black patches.
6. Mantle: Black and white, resembling the pattern of a Boston Terrier.

• Tail and Gait

The tail of a Great Dane is long and tapers to a point, usually carried low when at rest. When the dog is excited or moving, the tail is carried higher but not curled over the back. Their gait is smooth and powerful, covering a lot of ground with each stride. Despite their size, Great Danes move with a grace often surprising to those unfamiliar with the breed.

• Overall Appearance

The overall appearance of a Great Dane is one of dignity and strength. They have a commanding presence that is both elegant and powerful. Often referred to as the “Apollo of dogs,” the Great Dane embodies a blend of size, beauty, and grace unparalleled in the canine world.

Temperament and Personality

The temperament and personality of the Great Dane are as remarkable as their physical stature, earning them the affectionate nickname “gentle giant.” Great Danes are known for their friendly, calm, and loving nature despite their imposing size. Here’s a closer look at the temperament and personality traits that define this noble breed.

• Gentle and Affectionate

Great Danes are renowned for their gentle and affectionate nature. They form strong bonds with their families and are mainly known for being excellent with children. Despite their large size, they are often cautious and gentle around smaller family members, making them excellent pets. Their affectionate nature means they thrive on companionship and love being close to their human family members, often acting like oversized lap dogs.

• Friendly and Sociable

This breed is typically amiable and enjoys socialising with people and other animals. Great Danes are not known for being aggressive; they usually greet strangers with a wagging tail and a curious expression. Their friendly disposition makes them well-suited for households with other pets, as they generally get along well with other dogs and animals.

• Loyal and Protective

While they are friendly and gentle, Great Danes are also known for their loyalty and protective instincts. They are naturally inclined to protect their family and home, and their size alone can deter potential intruders. However, they are not overly aggressive or prone to barking excessively. When they do sense a threat, they are more likely to stand between their loved ones and the danger, showing their protective side without unnecessary aggression.

• Calm and Laid-Back

Great Danes are generally calm and laid-back dogs. They enjoy lounging around the house and are often content to spend hours relaxing with their family. This laid-back nature makes them well-suited to indoor living as long as they have enough space to stretch out comfortably. They require regular exercise to stay healthy, but they are not as high-energy as some other large breeds, making them easier to manage in a home environment.

• Intelligent and Trainable

Great Danes are intelligent dogs that can be pretty trainable with the right approach. They respond well to positive reinforcement and consistent training. Because of their size, it’s important to start training early to ensure they learn good manners and basic commands. Their intelligence and eagerness to please their owners usually make training a rewarding experience. However, their sensitive nature means they do not respond well to harsh training methods, so a gentle and patient approach is best.

• Playful and Fun-Loving

Despite their calm demeanour, Great Danes have a playful side. They enjoy playing games and can be quite goofy and fun-loving, especially when young. They appreciate toys, games, and activities that allow them to physically and mentally engage. Their playfulness adds a lot of joy and entertainment to their families. However, it’s important to remember that their large size means playtime should be supervised to prevent accidental bumps or knocks.

• Sensitive and In Tune with Emotions

Great Danes are known for being sensitive dogs in tune with their owners’ emotions. They can pick up on the household’s mood and often offer comfort when they sense someone is upset or stressed. Their sensitivity makes them excellent companions, as they intuitively know when they are needed for emotional support. This trait also means they do best in homes with plenty of love and attention, as they can become anxious if left alone for long periods.

Adoption Considerations

1. Adopting from a Shelter or Rescue: Adopting a Great Dane from a shelter or rescue can be a rewarding experience. Many Great Danes in shelters seek a second chance at a loving home. Adoption fees are usually lower than purchasing a puppy, and you’ll be giving a dog in need a new lease on life.
2. Benefits of Adopting an Adult Dog: Adopting an adult Great Dane has advantages. Adult dogs often come with basic training and may already be housebroken. Additionally, their personalities are fully developed, giving you a better idea of what to expect.
3. Transitioning an Adopted Great Dane into Your Home: When bringing an adopted Great Dane into your home, be patient and give them time to adjust. Provide a quiet space where they can retreat if they feel overwhelmed, and establish a routine to help them settle in.

Grooming Needs of Great Dane Dog Breed

Grooming a Great Dane is relatively straightforward compared to some other breeds. Still, it’s essential to maintain their coat, nails, ears, and overall hygiene to ensure they stay healthy and comfortable. Despite their large size, their grooming needs are pretty manageable. Here’s a detailed look at the grooming requirements of the Great Dane dog breed.

Coat Care

Great Danes have a short, smooth coat that is relatively low-maintenance. They shed moderately year-round, with increased shedding during seasonal changes, typically in the spring and autumn. Regular brushing is recommended to keep their coat looking sleek and healthy.

• Brushing: Brushing your Great Dane once or twice a week using a soft-bristle brush or a rubber grooming mitt will help remove loose hair, distribute natural oils, and keep its coat shiny. More frequent brushing may be necessary to manage the extra hair during peak shedding periods.
• Bathing: Great Danes don’t require frequent baths—about once every two to three months is usually sufficient unless they get filthy. Use a dog-specific shampoo to avoid stripping the natural oils from their skin. Given their size, bathing a Great Dane can be a challenge, so having a large enough bathing area or even considering a professional groomer for baths might be helpful.

Nail Care

Regular nail trimming is crucial for Great Danes, as their large size can put extra pressure on their nails if they become too long. Overgrown nails can lead to discomfort, difficulty walking, and even joint problems over time.

• Trimming: Trim your Great Dane’s nails every two to four weeks. If you can hear their nails clicking on the floor, it’s a sign they need trimming. Use a heavy-duty nail clipper designed for large breeds, or consider a nail grinder if your dog is comfortable with it.
• Handling: Start handling your Dane’s paws from a young age to get them used to nail trims. Many dogs are sensitive about their feet, so positive reinforcement and patience during nail trimming can help make the process smoother.

Ear Care

Great Danes have large, floppy ears that can be prone to infections if not properly cared for. Regular ear cleaning is essential to prevent the buildup of wax and debris, which can lead to ear infections.

• Cleaning: Check your Great Dane’s ears weekly for any signs of redness, odour, or excessive wax buildup. Clean their ears using a vet-recommended ear cleaner and a cotton ball. Avoid using cotton swabs inside the ear canal, which can cause injury. Gently wipe the outer ear and just inside the ear canal, and let the ear cleaner do its job.
• Monitoring: Look for any signs of discomfort, such as head shaking or scratching at the ears, which can indicate an ear infection.

Dental Care

Like all dogs, Great Danes benefit from regular dental care to prevent plaque buildup, bad breath, and serious dental issues like gum disease.

• Brushing: Aim to brush your Great Dane’s teeth at least two to three times a week using a dog-specific toothbrush and toothpaste. Dental chews and toys can also help keep their teeth clean between brushings.
• Dental Check-Ups: Regular dental check-ups with your vet are important to catch any issues early and ensure your Dane’s teeth and gums remain healthy.

Skin and Paw Care

Given their size and weight, Great Danes can be prone to developing calluses on their elbows and other pressure points. Additionally, their paw pads can become dry or cracked, especially if they spend a lot of time on rough surfaces.

• Moisturising: Applying a dog-safe moisturiser to your Great Dane’s paws and calloused areas can help keep their skin soft and prevent cracking. Also, regularly inspect their paws for cuts, cracks, or foreign objects like thorns or stones.
• Bedding: A soft, cushioned bed can help prevent the development of pressure sores, especially on hard floors.

Shedding Management

As mentioned, Great Danes shed moderately, so managing shedding is part of regular grooming. Besides brushing, there are a few other ways to control shedding:

• Diet: A healthy, balanced diet rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can help maintain a healthy coat and reduce excessive shedding.
• Supplements: With your vet’s approval, consider adding a fish oil supplement to your Great Dane’s diet to promote skin and coat health.

Mishka Professional Dog Grooming Service

Although Great Danes are relatively low-maintenance, some owners prefer professional grooming services, particularly for bathing, nail trimming, and ear cleaning. Given the breed’s size, this can be a convenient option, especially if you find handling your dog’s grooming needs at home challenging. We are ready to provide the best-fit service for your Great Dane at Mishka Dog Grooming. Our Groomers are skilled in grooming and treating this bread. So you do not need to worry. Book a Session Online Right Now!

Common Health Issues

Like all dog breeds, Great Danes are prone to certain health issues. Their large size, rapid growth, and unique physical characteristics make them more susceptible to specific conditions. Understanding these common health issues can help owners provide the best care for their Great Danes, ensuring a healthier, happier life for their beloved pets.

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a common genetic condition in many large dog breeds, including Great Danes. It occurs when the hip joint doesn’t fit properly into the hip socket, leading to pain, lameness, and arthritis over time.

• Symptoms: Lameness, difficulty standing up, reluctance to exercise, and noticeable discomfort when moving.
• Treatment: Treatment options range from weight management and pain relief through medications to surgical interventions in severe cases. Early detection and regular veterinary check-ups are crucial for managing this condition.

Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus (Bloat)

Gastric dilatation-volvulus, commonly known as bloat, is a life-threatening condition particularly prevalent in large, deep-chested breeds like the Great Dane. Bloat occurs when the stomach fills with gas and twists, cutting off the blood supply and leading to a rapidly deteriorating situation.

• Symptoms: Swollen abdomen, excessive drooling, restlessness, and signs of distress such as pacing or attempting to vomit unsuccessfully.
• Treatment: Bloat is a medical emergency requiring immediate veterinary intervention. Treatment typically involves decompressing the stomach and, in many cases, surgery to correct the twist and prevent recurrence.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is when the heart muscle weakens and enlarges, leading to reduced heart function. This condition is common in large breeds and particularly concerning in Great Danes.

• Symptoms: Fatigue, coughing, difficulty breathing, and fainting. Some dogs may show little to no symptoms until the condition is advanced.
• Treatment: Treatment may include medications to improve heart function, manage symptoms, and support circulation. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential for dogs diagnosed with DCM.

Wobbler Syndrome

Wobbler syndrome, or cervical spondylomyelopathy, is a condition that affects the cervical spine. It leads to compression of the spinal cord and nerves, which can cause a characteristic wobbly gait and, in severe cases, paralysis.

• Symptoms: Unsteady or wobbly walking, particularly in the hind legs, neck pain, and difficulty rising or walking.
• Treatment: Treatment options include anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, and in some cases, surgery to relieve spinal cord compression. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this condition.

Osteosarcoma (Bone Cancer)

Osteosarcoma is a type of bone cancer more common in large breeds like the Great Dane. It typically affects the long bones of the legs and is aggressive, often spreading to other parts of the body.

• Symptoms: Lameness, swelling in the affected limb, pain, and reluctance to bear weight on the affected leg.
• Treatment: Treatment options include amputation of the affected limb, chemotherapy, and pain management. Early detection and treatment are key to improving the dog’s quality of life and prognosis.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, leading to a slower metabolism and a range of symptoms.

• Symptoms: Weight gain, lethargy, hair loss, dry skin, and intolerance to cold temperatures.
• Treatment: Hypothyroidism is typically managed with daily thyroid hormone replacement medication. Regular blood tests are needed to monitor hormone levels and adjust dosages as needed.

Allergies

Great Danes can suffer from various types of allergies, including food, environmental, and contact allergies. Allergies can lead to skin irritation, ear infections, and gastrointestinal issues.

• Symptoms: Itching, redness, ear infections, diarrhoea, and vomiting.
• Treatment: Treatment depends on the type of allergy but may include dietary changes, medications, and avoiding allergens. Your vet may recommend an elimination diet or allergy testing to identify the specific triggers.

Entropion and Ectropion

These are conditions affecting the eyelids. Entropion is when the eyelid rolls inward, causing the eyelashes to rub against the eye, while ectropion is when the eyelid rolls outward, exposing the inner eyelid.

• Symptoms: Red, irritated eyes, excessive tearing, squinting, and sensitivity to light.
• Treatment: Mild cases may be managed with eye drops or ointments, but more severe cases often require surgical correction to prevent ongoing discomfort and potential eye damage.

Autoimmune Diseases

Great Danes are prone to several autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. These diseases can affect various body parts, including the skin, joints, and internal organs.

• Symptoms: Symptoms vary depending on the specific autoimmune disease but may include lethargy, weight loss, skin rashes, joint pain, and digestive issues.
• Treatment: Treatment typically involves medications to suppress the immune system, manage symptoms, and prevent flare-ups. Regular veterinary care is essential for monitoring the dog’s condition and adjusting treatment.

The Last Word

The Great Dane is a breed that offers the best of both worlds: a large dog’s majesty and a gentle companion’s loving nature. Whether you’re considering adding a Great Dane to your family or want to learn more about this magnificent breed, it’s clear that these dogs have a lot to offer. From their affectionate temperament to their regal presence, the Great Dane truly lives up to its nickname as the “Apollo of dogs.”