12 Mar A Guide to Recognising and Responding to Heart Diseases in Dogs

For many of us, our dogs are cherished members of the family, bringing joy, companionship, and endless tail wags into our lives. However, just like humans, dogs can also suffer from various health issues, including heart disease. As responsible pet owners, it’s crucial to be aware of these conditions, their symptoms, and the available treatment options to ensure our furry friends lead healthy and happy lives. Let’s explore the Heart Diseases in Dogs.

Types of Heart Diseases in Dogs:

1. Mitral Valve Disease (MVD): This is one of the most common heart diseases in dogs, particularly affecting small breeds such as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Dachshunds, and Chihuahuas. MVD occurs when the mitral valve, responsible for controlling blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle, degenerates and fails to function properly. As a result, blood leaks backwards, leading to volume overload in the heart.
2. Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): DCM is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the heart chambers, specifically the left ventricle. This leads to weakened contractions and poor pumping efficiency, ultimately compromising the circulation of blood throughout the body. While DCM can affect any breed, certain larger breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, and Boxers are predisposed.
3. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): CHF is not a specific disease but rather a syndrome that occurs as a result of underlying heart conditions such as MVD or DCM. It occurs when the heart’s ability to pump blood efficiently diminishes, causing fluid buildup in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) or other parts of the body. CHF can significantly impact a dog’s quality of life and requires prompt medical intervention.

Recognising Symptoms

Recognising the signs of heart disease in dogs is essential for early detection and prompt intervention. Here are some common symptoms to watch out for:

1. Persistent Coughing: A persistent cough, especially if it worsens at night or after exercise, can be a sign of heart disease in dogs. This cough may be dry or productive, and it often occurs due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) or irritation of the airways.
2. Laboured Breathing: Dogs with heart disease can have difficulty breathing, which is known as dyspnoea. They may breathe rapidly or struggle to catch their breath during exertion or while resting.
3. Reduced Exercise Tolerance: Less enthusiasm or increased fatigue during physical activity in your dog could indicate heart disease. This could be due to decreased cardiac output, which limits the body’s ability to meet the increased demands of exercise.
4. Fatigue or Lethargy: Dogs with heart disease may show signs of fatigue, lethargy, or general weakness. They may seem less interested in their usual activities, spend more time sleeping or resting, and exhibit overall reduced energy levels compared to their usual behaviour.
5. Rapid or Irregular Heartbeat: Dogs with heart disease may experience palpitations or irregular heartbeat. Detecting these may need specialized equipment. You may notice their heart beating faster or irregularly when placing your hand over their chest.
6. Fainting or Collapsing Episodes: In severe cases of heart disease, dogs may experience fainting spells or sudden collapses due to inadequate blood flow to the brain. These episodes, known as syncope, typically occur during periods of physical exertion or excitement and warrant immediate veterinary attention.
7. Fluid Retention: Heart disease in dogs can cause fluid buildup, leading to visible signs like a distended abdomen or swollen limbs. Monitor changes in your dog’s body shape or swelling around the abdomen or limbs.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Heart Diseases in Dogs

Early diagnosis is crucial in managing heart diseases in dogs effectively. Veterinary professionals employ a variety of diagnostic tools and techniques to assess heart health and identify underlying conditions. These may include:

1. Physical Examination: A thorough examination by a veterinarian can reveal important clues about a dog’s cardiac health. This may involve listening for abnormal heart sounds (murmurs), assessing respiratory rate and effort, and checking for signs of fluid retention or abnormal heart rhythms.
2. Diagnostic Imaging: Imaging techniques such as X-rays and echocardiography (ultrasound) provide detailed insights into the structure and function of the heart. X-rays can reveal changes in heart size and the presence of fluid accumulation in the lungs, while echocardiography allows for visualisation of the heart chambers, valves, and blood flow patterns.
3. Electrocardiography (ECG): An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart, helping to detect abnormal rhythms (arrhythmias) and conduction disturbances. This non-invasive test is often performed as part of a cardiac evaluation to assess the heart’s electrical function.
4. Blood Tests: Blood tests may be conducted to evaluate markers of cardiac health, such as levels of certain enzymes and hormones. These tests can provide valuable information about heart function and assess the overall health status of the dog.

Common Treatment Approaches

1. Medication: Pharmacological therapy is a cornerstone of managing heart diseases in dogs. Medications may be prescribed to alleviate symptoms, improve cardiac function, and slow the progression of the disease. Commonly used medications include diuretics to reduce fluid buildup, ACE inhibitors to dilate blood vessels, positive inotropes to enhance heart contractions, and anti-arrhythmic drugs to regulate heart rhythm.
2. Dietary Management: Nutritional interventions can play a significant role in supporting cardiac health. Specialised diets formulated for dogs with heart conditions may be recommended, with ingredients designed to promote cardiovascular function and manage symptoms such as fluid retention. These diets often have controlled levels of sodium and increased concentrations of beneficial nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants.
3. Lifestyle Modifications: Lifestyle adjustments may be necessary to minimise stress on the heart and optimise overall well-being. This may include maintaining a healthy weight through portion control and regular exercise, avoiding exposure to environmental toxins such as secondhand smoke, and providing a calm and comfortable environment for the dog to rest and recuperate.
4. Monitoring and Follow-up: Regular monitoring of the dog’s condition is essential to assess response to treatment, detect any changes or complications, and adjust management strategies as needed. This may involve periodic veterinary examinations, diagnostic tests such as echocardiography or blood work, and ongoing communication between the pet owner and the veterinary team.

Supporting Your Dog’s Heart Health

Beyond medical intervention, there are several ways to support your dog’s heart health daily:

• Regular Exercise: Engage your dog in moderate, consistent exercise to promote cardiovascular fitness. Tailor activities to your dog’s age, breed, and fitness level, and avoid overexertion, especially for breeds prone to heart conditions.
• Balanced Nutrition: Provide a high-quality diet formulated to support heart health, with essential nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and taurine. Consult with your vet to determine the most suitable diet for your dog’s individual needs.
• Stress Reduction: Minimise sources of stress in your dog’s environment, as chronic stress can negatively impact heart health. Create a calm and secure space at home, incorporate relaxation techniques such as massage or gentle music, and ensure your dog receives plenty of mental stimulation and positive social interactions.
• Maintain Dental Health: Poor dental hygiene can contribute to the development of heart disease in dogs, as bacteria from dental infections can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart. Establish a regular dental care routine, including brushing your dog’s teeth, providing dental chews, and scheduling professional cleanings as recommended by your vet.
• Regular Monitoring: Keep track of your dog’s vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, and overall well-being. Monitor for any changes in behaviour or symptoms of heart disease, and communicate promptly with your vet if you have any concerns.

The Last Word

Heart diseases in dogs can pose significant challenges, but with early detection, proactive management, and attentive care, many affected dogs can enjoy a good quality of life for years to come. As devoted pet owners, it’s our responsibility to educate ourselves about these conditions, advocate for our furry companions’ well-being, and work collaboratively with veterinary professionals to ensure optimal heart health.

By prioritising preventive measures, promoting a healthy lifestyle, and seeking timely veterinary intervention when needed, we can give our dogs the best chance at a long, happy, and heart-healthy life. Together, let’s continue to cherish and safeguard the precious bond we share with our canine companions, enriching each other’s lives with love, companionship, and unwavering devotion.

Remember, a healthy heart is a gateway to boundless joy and countless adventures, paving the way for many more tail wags, playful romps, and cherished moments shared with our beloved dogs. Let’s embark on this journey of heart health together, ensuring that every beat resonates with vitality, strength, and the timeless bond between human and hound.