20 Aug Shih Tzu Dog Breed: The Ultimate Guide to Your Lovable Companion

The Shih Tzu is one of the most beloved dog breeds, known for its affectionate nature, distinctive appearance, and loyal companionship. This toy breed has won the hearts of many dog lovers worldwide, and it’s no wonder why. With their luxurious coats, friendly demeanour, and regal history, Shih Tzus make for an ideal pet, especially for those who enjoy a lap dog with a bit of spunk. Let’s explore the world of the Shih Tzu dog breed together. So, stay tuned!

The History and Origin of the Shih Tzu Dog Breed

The Shih Tzu, often affectionately called the “Lion Dog,” has a rich and fascinating history that dates back over a thousand years. This breed’s origins are deeply intertwined with ancient Chinese and Tibetan cultures, making them one of the most historically significant and beloved dog breeds.

The Shih Tzu is believed to have originated in Tibet, where it was bred as a companion dog for Tibetan monks and nobility. These small dogs were highly regarded for their affectionate nature and their resemblance to the Tibetan Snow Lion, a sacred symbol in Tibetan Buddhism. It is from this association that the Shih Tzu derives its name, which means “Lion Dog” in Mandarin.

The Tibetan monks are said to have gifted these dogs to the Chinese emperors, particularly during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). These gifts were seen as symbols of goodwill and were highly prized by the Chinese imperial family. The dogs quickly became favourites in the imperial courts, especially during the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1912) Dynasties.

In the Chinese imperial court, the Shih Tzu was a treasured companion. Emperors and empresses were particularly fond of these little dogs and were often kept in the palaces, where they lived a life of luxury. The Shih Tzu’s primary role was to provide companionship and entertainment, and they were often pampered and treated like royalty.

The Chinese imperial family closely guarded the breed, and selling, trading, or giving them away was forbidden. As a result, Shih Tzus were rarely seen outside the imperial palace, and their breeding was carefully controlled to maintain their distinctive appearance and temperament.

Physical Characteristics of the Shih Tzu Dog Breed

The Shih Tzu is a small yet sturdy dog with a distinctive appearance that sets it apart from other breeds. Known for its luxurious coat and charming “chrysanthemum” face, the Shih Tzu’s physical characteristics make it instantly recognisable and highly appealing.

1. Size and Build

Shih Tzus are classified as a toy breed, but despite their small size, they have a surprisingly solid and well-balanced build. An adult Shih Tzu typically weighs between 4.5 to 7.5 kilograms (10 to 16 pounds) and stands about 23 to 27 centimetres (9 to 10.5 inches) tall at the shoulder. Their compact size makes them well-suited for apartment living, but their sturdy frame ensures they are not overly delicate.

2. Coat and Colour

One of the most striking features of the Shih Tzu is its long, flowing double coat. This coat is often silky and can grow long if left untrimmed, sometimes reaching the ground. The breed comes in various colours: gold, white, black, brindle, and combinations. Some Shih Tzus also have markings such as white patches or a black mask around the face, adding to their unique appearance.

The coat’s luxurious nature requires regular grooming to prevent matting and tangling. Many owners opt for a “puppy cut,” where the coat is trimmed short for easier maintenance, but the breed’s natural coat is undeniably beautiful when well cared for.

3. Facial Features

The Shih Tzu’s face is perhaps its most recognisable characteristic. It is often described as a “chrysanthemum” face due to how the hair grows in all directions from the nose, giving the breed a distinctive, flower-like appearance. They have large, dark, round eyes set wide apart, giving them an endearing and expressive look. Their eyes are one of their most captivating features, often appearing soulful and conveying a sense of warmth and affection.

The breed’s muzzle is short and flat, a feature known as brachycephalic, which contributes to their adorable “smushed” face. However, this feature also means that Shih Tzus can be prone to breathing difficulties, especially in hot weather or if they become overweight.

4. Ears and Tail

Shih Tzus have large pendant ears set slightly below the crown of the head. These ears are heavily coated with hair, which blends seamlessly into the rest of the coat, adding to the breed’s overall fluffy appearance. The ears are typically held close to the head, giving the dog a dignified and calm expression.

The Shih Tzu’s tail is another distinctive feature, carried proudly over the back in a graceful curve. The tail is also well-feathered, with long, flowing hair that complements the breed’s elegance. This tail carriage is a sign of confidence and a trait that is highly prized in show dogs.

5. Overall Appearance

The Shih Tzu’s overall appearance is one of elegance and charm. Despite their small size, they carry a proud and dignified air, often described as having a regal presence. Their luxurious coat, expressive eyes, and unique facial features combine to create a dog that is as visually striking as it is endearing.

Temperament and Personality

1. Affectionate and Loyal: Shih Tzus’ deep affection for their owners is at the heart of their personality. These dogs are true “people dogs,” thriving on human interaction and forming strong bonds with their family members. Shih Tzus are also happiest when they are close to their loved ones, whether that means snuggling on the couch or following their owners around the house.
2. Friendly and Sociable: Shih Tzus are known for their friendly and outgoing nature. They get along well with people of all ages, including children and are generally welcoming to strangers. This breed is also typically good with other pets, including dogs and cats, making them a great choice for multi-pet households.
3. Playful and Lively: Despite their small size, Shih Tzus have a lively and playful spirit. They enjoy engaging in playtime and can be surprisingly energetic when the mood strikes, whether it’s a game of fetch, a romp around the garden, or simply playing with their favourite toys. Shih Tzus loves to have fun.
4. Calm and Adaptable: While they enjoy playtime, Shih Tzus are known for their calm and laid-back nature. They are not as high-energy as some other breeds, which means they are content to relax and enjoy a quiet afternoon at home.
5. Independent Yet Attached: Although Shih Tzus are incredibly loyal and affectionate, they have an independent streak. They can be a bit stubborn at times, especially regarding training.
6. Alert and Watchful: Shih Tzus may be small, but they are known for being quite alert. They often act as little watchdogs, barking to alert their owners when they sense something unusual. However, they are not typically yappy dogs and usually only bark when they feel it’s necessary.

Grooming Needs of Shih Tzu Dog Breed

1. Daily Brushing: Their long, flowing coat is prone to tangling and matting, especially around areas like the ears, legs, and underbelly. Daily brushing helps prevent these tangles from forming and keeps the coat smooth and glossy.
2. Bathing Routine: Bathing should be done every three to four weeks, although some owners might bathe their dogs more frequently if they spend a lot of time outdoors or have skin sensitivities.
3. Trimming and Clipping: While some Shih Tzu owners prefer the breed’s full, floor-length coat, many opt for a shorter, more manageable style known as the “puppy cut.” Regular trims every six to eight weeks are recommended to keep the coat looking neat.
4. Facial Cleaning: The Shih Tzu’s distinctive face requires grooming attention. Their short muzzle and facial folds can trap food, moisture, and dirt, leading to skin irritations or infections if not cleaned regularly. It’s a good idea to wipe their face daily with a damp cloth.
5. Dental Care: Like many small breeds, Shih Tzus are prone to dental issues, including tartar buildup and gum disease. Regular dental care is crucial to prevent these problems. Additionally, providing dental chews and regular check-ups with the vet can help maintain oral hygiene.
6. Nail Trimming: Their nails grow relatively quickly, and if not trimmed regularly, they can become overgrown and cause discomfort or even lead to issues with walking. For most Shih Tzus, a nail trim every three to four weeks is sufficient, but this can vary depending on how much time they spend on hard surfaces, which naturally wear down the nails.
7. Ear and Eye Care: It’s important to check and clean the ears weekly, using a gentle ear cleaner recommended by your vet. Due to their large, protruding eyes, Shih Tzus are susceptible to eye problems such as dryness, irritation, or injury.

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While many Shih Tzu owners groom their dogs at home, regular visits to a professional groomer can be beneficial. Our professional groomers have the experience and tools to maintain a Shih Tzu coat and can provide additional services like ear cleaning, nail trimming, and specialised cuts. Professional grooming every 4 to 8 weeks is typically sufficient, depending on the dog’s coat. BOOK ONLINE NOW!

Common Health Issues

1. Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome

One of the most significant health issues affecting Shih Tzus is Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome (BAS). This condition is common among breeds with short, flat faces, known as brachycephalic breeds. Shih Tzus have a short muzzle, leading to breathing difficulties, especially in hot weather or after exercise. Symptoms of BAS include snoring, wheezing, and laboured breathing. Surgery may be necessary in severe cases to improve airflow and alleviate symptoms. To manage this condition, it’s essential to keep your Shih Tzu cool, avoid overexertion, and ensure they maintain a healthy weight.

2. Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) is a condition that affects the spine, leading to pain, weakness, and, in severe cases, paralysis. Shih Tzus are at an increased risk of IVDD due to their long backs in proportion to their short legs. The condition occurs when the discs between the vertebrae in the spine degenerate or become herniated, pressing on the spinal cord. Symptoms of IVDD include reluctance to move, crying out in pain, and difficulty walking. Treatment may involve rest, medication, or surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. To reduce the risk, avoiding activities that strain the spine excessively, such as jumping off furniture is important.

3. Eye Problems

Shih Tzus are prone to various eye issues, partly due to their large, prominent eyes and short muzzle. Common eye problems in Shih Tzus include dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), cataracts, corneal ulcers, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA). Dry eye occurs when the tear glands do not produce enough moisture, leading to irritation and potential damage to the cornea. Regular eye cleaning and using vet-prescribed eye drops can help manage this condition.

Cataracts, which cause cloudiness in the eye’s lens, can lead to impaired vision or blindness if left untreated. Corneal ulcers, often caused by injury or infection, require prompt veterinary attention to prevent permanent damage. PRA is a genetic condition that causes gradual vision loss and eventually leads to blindness. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and management of these conditions.

4. Ear Infections

Due to their long, floppy ears, Shih Tzus are susceptible to ear infections. The structure of their ears can trap moisture and debris, creating an environment where bacteria and yeast can thrive. Symptoms of an ear infection include redness, swelling, a foul odour, and excessive scratching or head shaking. Regular ear cleaning and keeping the ears dry can help prevent infections. If an infection does occur, prompt treatment with prescribed ear drops or medications is necessary to clear it up and prevent complications.

5. Dental Issues

Dental problems are common in Shih Tzus, as their small mouths can lead to overcrowded teeth, which increases the risk of plaque and tartar buildup. If not properly managed, this can lead to gum disease, tooth decay, and even tooth loss. Regular brushing with dog-specific toothpaste and dental check-ups is essential for good oral hygiene. Providing dental chews and toys that help clean the teeth can also reduce the risk of dental issues.

6. Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint doesn’t develop properly, can also affect Shih Tzus. Although more common in larger breeds, Shih Tzus are not immune to this genetic condition. Hip dysplasia can cause pain, limping, and eventually arthritis. Maintaining a healthy weight and providing joint supplements can help manage the condition.

7. Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough hormones, leading to a slow metabolism. This condition is relatively common in Shih Tzus and can cause weight gain, lethargy, hair loss, and skin problems. Hypothyroidism is typically diagnosed through blood tests and can be managed with daily medication to replace the missing hormones.

7. Allergies

Shih Tzus are prone to allergies, affecting their skin, coat, and overall health. Various factors, including food, environmental allergens like pollen or dust mites, and flea bites, can cause dog allergies. Symptoms of allergies include itching, redness, ear infections, and gastrointestinal issues. Identifying and eliminating the cause of the allergy is key to managing the condition. Sometimes, your vet may recommend special diets, medications, or allergy treatments to keep your Shih Tzu comfortable.

The Last Word

The Shih Tzu is a charming and affectionate dog breed with a rich history, distinctive physical characteristics, and a delightful temperament that makes them ideal companions. While generally healthy, they require regular grooming and attention to specific health concerns such as brachycephalic airway syndrome, eye problems, and dental issues. With proper care, a Shih Tzu can live a happy and healthy life, bringing joy and warmth to any home. Their loyal nature, manageable size, and adaptable personality make them a beloved pet for families and individuals alike.